³äì³íþâàííÿ ³ìåííèê³â h2>
Äî IV ñêëîíåíèþ íàëåæàòü ³ìåííèêè ÷îëîâ³÷îãî òà ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó ç îñíîâîþ íà m. B N. sing. ³ìåííèêè ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó çàê³í÷óþòüñÿ íà-ms,
ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó - íà k. Genetivus sing. çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ íà-ks. p>
casms, casms m âèïàäîê, ïàä³æ
genm, genms n êîë³íî
sing.
plur.
sing.
plur.
N
casms
casks
genk
genu_
G
casks
casumm
genks
genumm
D
casu +
cas-bus
genk
gen-bus
Acc
casmm
casks
genk
genu_
Abl
cask
cas-bus
genk
gen-bus
Çàóâàæåííÿ äî òàáëèö³ h2>
Çâåðí³òü óâàãó íà ïîä³áí³ñòü çàê³í÷åíü III ³ IV â³äì³í: â³äì³ííîñò³ çàê³í÷åíü IV â³äì³íè âèêëèêàí³ òèì, ùî â íèõ âèÿâëÿºòüñÿ ãîëîñíèé îñíîâè-m-: p>
III ñêë.
IV ñêë.
G.sing
-is
-us
D.sing
+
(ì.ð.) - +
Acc.sing.
-em,-im
(ì.ð.)-um
Abl.sing.
(III ãëàñ.) - +
k
N.plur.
(III ãëàñ. Ñð ð³ä)-i_
(ñð.ð.)-u_
G.plur.
-um, ium
-uum
D, Abl.plur.
- bus
- bus
Acc.plur. = N plur.
Acc.plur. = N.plur.
Ó ñë³â ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó ôîðìè nominat + vus, dat + vus, accusat + vus ³ ablat + vus çá³ãàþòüñÿ (genk). p>
Ó IV â³äì³íþâàííÿ âõîäèòü ê³ëüêà ñë³â æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó, â ò.÷. íàçâè äåðåâ: quercms, ks f äóá, à òàêîæ manms, us f ðóêà, çàã³í; domms, ks f áóäèíîê.
Ðÿä ôîðì ñëîâà domus óòâîðþºòüñÿ çà II ñêëîíåíèþ: abl.sing. domM, acc.plur. domos. Ó çíà÷åíí³ ãîâ³ðîê âæèâàþòüñÿ ôîðìè domi áóäèíêó, domum äîäîìó, domos ïî
áóäèíêàì, domo ç äîìó (äèâ. Ëåêö³þ V). p>
V â³äì³íþâàííÿ ³ìåííèê³â b> p>
Äî V ñêëîíåíèþ ³ìåí ³ìåííèê³â â³äíîñÿòüñÿ ñëîâà ç îñíîâîþ íà _ æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó. N. sing. ó íèõ çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ íà-_s, G. sing. íà _i (_i):
p>
_ ó çàê³í÷åíí³ äîâãèé â òîìó âèïàäêó, ÿêùî ïåðåä
íèì ãîëîñíèé: faci_s, faci_i f îñîáà; p>
_ Êîðîòêèé, ÿêùî ïåðåä
íèì çãîäåí: fid_s, fid_i f â³ðà.
NB. Ñëîâî di_s, di_i äåíü ìîæå ìàòè ÿê æ³íî÷èé, òàê ³ ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó. P>
Á³ëüø³ñòü ñë³â V â³äì³íè ó ìíîæèí³ ìຠò³ëüêè ôîðìè N ³ Acc; ó ìíîæèí³ â óñ³õ â³äì³íêàõ âæèâàþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè ñëîâà r_s,
r_i f ð³÷, ñïðàâà ³ di_s, di_i m, f äåíü: p>
sing
pl
sing
pl
N
r_s
r_s
di_s
di_s
G
r_i
r_rkm
di_i
di_rum
D
r_ +
r_bms
di_i
di_bms
Acc
r_m
r_s
di_m
di_s
Abl
r_
r_bms
di_
di_bms
²ìåííèê res óòâîðþº ðÿä ñò³éêèõ ñëîâîñïîëó÷åíü ç äåÿêèìè ïðèêìåòíèêàìè: p>
res publica - äåðæàâà, p>
res gestae - ä³ÿííÿ, p>
res novae - äåðæàâíèé ïåðåâîðîò (ò³ëüêè ï³ä ìíîæ. ÷èñë³), p>
res secundae - óñï³õ, ùàñòÿ (ò³ëüêè ï³ä ìíîæ. ÷èñë³), p>
res adversae - íåùàñòÿ (ò³ëüêè ï³ä ìíîæ. ÷èñë³). p>
Ïðè â³äì³í³ öèõ ñïîëó÷åíü çì³íè ï³ääàþòüñÿ îáèäâà âõîäÿòü äî íüîãî ñëîâà. Ñò³éêèé ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿì º òàêîæ rerum scriptor ³ñòîðèê
(ïðè éîãî â³äì³í³ ñëîâî rerum çàëèøàºòüñÿ áåç çì³í). p>
Íåãàòèâí³ çàéìåííèêè
(pronom-na negat + va) b> p>
Äî íåãàòèâíèõ çàéìåííèêè íàëåæàòü: p>
nemo - í³õòî p>
nihil - í³ùî p>
nullus, a, um í³ÿêî¿ p>
Ïðî â³äõèëåííÿ çàéìåííèêè nullus äèâ. ðîçä³ë "Çàéìåííèê ïðèêìåòíèêè", ëåêö³ÿ IV. p>
N
nemo
nihil
G
nem-nis (null + us)
null + us rei
D
nem-ni (nulli)
null + rei
Acc
nem-nem
nihil
Abl
nullM
null_ r_
Çàóâàæåííÿ äî òàáëèö³: h2>
Çàéìåííèê nemo ñõèëÿºòüñÿ çà òèïîì ñëîâa homo (III ñêë.), òîìó ùî óòâîðåíî ç ïîºäíàííÿ nec-homo (nec - íåãàòèâíà ÷àñòêà). p>
Äåÿê³ ôîðìè íåïðÿìèõ â³äì³íê³â nemo çàì³íþþòüñÿ â³äïîâ³äíèìè ôîðìàìè çàéìåííèêè nullus. p>
Çàì³ñòü â³äì³íêîâèõ ôîðì çàéìåííèêà nihil (êð³ì N ³ Acc), âæèâàþòüñÿ â³äïîâ³äí³ ôîðìè ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ nulla res (áóêâ. í³ÿêà ð³÷). p>
Plusquamperfectum indicat + vi act + vi u pass + vi b> p>
Plusquamperfectum (Äàâíîìèíóëèé, áóêâ. "á³ëüøå í³æ ìèíóëå") ìຠçíà÷åííÿ 䳿, ùî ñòàâñÿ äî ³íøî¿ ä³¿ â ìèíóëîìó (ÑÐ íüîìó.
Plusquamperfect, àíãë. past perfect). p>
Äàâíîìèíóëèé - îäíå ç òàê çâàíèõ ñï³ââ³äíîñíèõ ÷àñ³â, òîáòî óæèâàíèõ (³ ìàþòü ñåíñ) ò³ëüêè â ïîºäíàíí³ ç ³íøèìè ÷àñàìè. (Â
çâ'ÿçêó ç öèì Äàâíîìèíóëèé çäåá³ëüøîãî âæèâàºòüñÿ â ïðèäàòêîâèõ ïðîïîçèö³¿.) Äàâíîìèíóëèé ñë³ä ïåðåâîäèòè ò³ëüêè â êîíòåêñò³; ïîçà
êîíòåêñòó ôîðìè Äàâíîìèíóëèé íå ïåðåâîäÿòüñÿ. Ðîñ³éñüêîãî àíàëîãà Äàâíîìèíóëèé ÷àñ íå ³ñíóº; ïåðåâîäèòè 䳺ñëîâà â Äàâíîìèíóëèé ñë³ä
ôîðìàìè ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó. p>
Plusquamperfectum indicat + vi act + vi b> p>
Plusquamperfectum indicat + vi act + vi âñ³õ ÷îòèðüîõ â³äì³íþâàíü óòâîðþºòüñÿ â³ä îñíîâè ïåðôåêòà çà äîïîìîãîþ ñóô³êñà-_r_-òà îñîáèñòèõ çàê³í÷åíü àêòèâíîãî
çàñòàâè (òîáòî ôîðìàëüíî - äîäàòêîì äî îñíîâè ïåðôåêòà îñîáèñòèõ ôîðì imperfectum indicat + vi 䳺ñëîâà esse). p>
sing.
plur.
1 ë.
ornav-_ra-m
ornav-er_-mus
2 ë.
ornav-_ra-s
ornav-er_-tis
3 ë.
ornav-_ra-t
ornav-_ra-nt
(䳺ñëîâà ³íøèõ â³äì³íþâàíü çì³íþþòüñÿ â plusquamperfectum indicat + vi act + vi àíàëîã³÷íî). p>
Plusquamperfectum indicat + vi 䳺ñëîâà esse b> p>
sing.
plur.
1 ë.
fu-_ra-m
fu-er_-mus
2 ë.
fu-_ra-s
fu-er_-tis
3 ë.
fu-_ra-t
fu-_ra-nt
(òîáòî ôîðìàëüíî - ïðèºäíàííÿì äî îñíîâè ïåðôåêòà 䳺ñëîâà esse fu-îñîáèñòèõ ôîðì imperfectum indicat + vi 䳺ñëîâà esse). p>
Plusquamperfectum indicat + vi pass + vi b> p>
Plusquamperfectum indicat + vi pass + vi - ñêëàäîâà ôîðìà (ÿê ³ perfectum indicat + vi pass + vi). Âîíà ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç participium perfecti pass + vi ³ imperfectum
indicat + vi 䳺ñëîâà esse: p>
sing.
plur.
1 ë.
orn_tus, a, um eram
orn_ti, ae, _ er_mus
2 ë.
orn_tus, a, um eras
orn_ti, ae, _ er_tis
3 ë.
orn_tus, a, um erat
orn_ti, ae, _ erant
Âèêîðèñòàíà ë³òåðàòóðà b> p>
̳ðîøåíêîâà Â.²., Ôåäîðîâ Í.À. ϳäðó÷íèê ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè. 2-å èçä. Ì., 1985. P>
Íèêèôîðîâ Â.Í. Ëàòèíñüêà þðèäè÷íà ôðàçåîëîã³ÿ. Ì., 1979. P>
Êîçàðæåâñê³é À.². ϳäðó÷íèê ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè. Ì., 1948. P>
Ñîáîëåâñüêèé Ñ.². Ãðàìàòèêà ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè. Ì., 1981. P>
Ðîçåíòàëü È.Ñ., Ñîêîëîâ Â.Ñ. ϳäðó÷íèê ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè. Ì., 1956. P>